"Network request failed" with react-native (even with `android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"`)

I did npx react-native init AwesomeProject to create a new project (I'm following the official get-started tutorial. When I simply run npx react-native start and then npx react-native run-android without tweaking anything everything works fine. But I need to make an API call, so I tried copying and pasting the example from the official network tutorial (only without the try/catch, so I can see the errors) into App.js (right after the imports):

async function getMoviesFromApiAsync() {    let response = await fetch('https://reactnative.dev/movies.json'    );    let json = await response.json();    console.log(json.movies);    return json.movies;}

Then right below it I added a call to that function:

getMoviesFromApiAsync();

That gives me a Network request failed error. This is the full error message I see on Terminal:

Fri May 08 2020 10:23:00.325]  WARN     Possible Unhandled Promise Rejection (id: 0):TypeError: Network request failedonerror@http://10.0.2.2:8081/index.bundle?platform=android&dev=true&minify=false:28005:31dispatchEvent@http://10.0.2.2:8081/index.bundle?platform=android&dev=true&minify=false:34133:31setReadyState@http://10.0.2.2:8081/index.bundle?platform=android&dev=true&minify=false:33217:33__didCompleteResponse@http://10.0.2.2:8081/index.bundle?platform=android&dev=true&minify=false:33044:29emit@http://10.0.2.2:8081/index.bundle?platform=android&dev=true&minify=false:3420:42__callFunction@http://10.0.2.2:8081/index.bundle?platform=android&dev=true&minify=false:2748:49http://10.0.2.2:8081/index.bundle?platform=android&dev=true&minify=false:2470:31__guard@http://10.0.2.2:8081/index.bundle?platform=android&dev=true&minify=false:2702:15callFunctionReturnFlushedQueue@http://10.0.2.2:8081/index.bundle?platform=android&dev=true&minify=false:2469:21callFunctionReturnFlushedQueue@[native code]

I googled around and ended up trying the following:

1) I added android:usesCleartextTraffic="true" to AndroidManifest.xml

2) I added a bunch of permissions to AndroidManifest.xml:

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" /><uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" /><uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/><uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/><uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />

3) I added android:networkSecurityConfig="@xml/network_security_config" to AndroidManifest.xml

4) I tried setting a proxy (10.0.2.2) and port (8081), as suggested in here

5) I tried deleting the app from the emulator and reinstalling it, as well as clearing the cache (npx react-native start --reset-cache)

Nothing seems to work. I still get the same "Network request failed" message.

I'm using React Native 0.62.2 on a Pixel 2 API 28 emulator running Android 9.0, on macOS Catalina.